Have you ever thought that quantum mechanics is mainly used to describe behaviors in the microcosm, and the particle phenomenon described cannot be accurately interpreted by classical mechanics? Shakespeare once wrote, "The whole world is a stage." Physicists also tend to think in this way–their stage is space itself. In their view, for the interaction of various forces and fields contained in space, space is sometimes just a background. The space itself, according to the traditional point of view, is not made up of anything else. Space-time is not fundamental, but it "emerges" through the interaction of qubits. The basic theory of quantum mechanics stems from the three-power separation of "state", "observation", and "observation result", and the hope that the theory can describe probability.
Erwin Schrödinger's Cat
Have you ever heard about Erwin Schrödinger's cat? This is a hypothesis put forward by the famous Austrian physicist Schrödinger. Keep a cat in an airtight container holding a certain amount of radioactive material. If these radioactive materials do not decay, then the cat is alive. But if they do decay, then the cat will die. According to the theory of quantum mechanics, when the radioactive material is in the superposition of the two states of decay and no decay, the cat should be in the superposition state whether it is positioned dead or alive. But in reality and logical thinking, a cat cannot exist alive and dead. However, in quantum physics, the microscopic particle itself is in the superposition of all states defined by the wave function. The wave function is only when the specific state of the microscopic particle is measured. Only by collapsing to a certain value can you know what state the particle is in. So in simple terms, the final life and death of the cat will enter a superimposed state until it is seen by the human consciousness. At the moment when human sees it, the cat's destiny before then is determined. Combined with quantum mechanics, an object will exist in any form without being observed.
Wave-Particle Duality
Einstein described this wave-particle duality like this, "It seems that sometimes we must use one set of theory, sometimes we must use another set of theory to describe, and sometimes we must use both. We must use both. We have encountered a new type of difficulty, which forces us to use two contradictory viewpoints to describe reality. The two viewpoints alone cannot fully explain the phenomenon of light, but they can be combined." Imagery is one of the basic attributes of microscopic particles. In 1905, Einstein proposed the light quantum explanation of the photoelectric effect. People began to realize that light waves have the dual properties of waves and particles at the same time, but no one can confirm whether light is waves or particles or how they are transformed at this moment. There is a very interesting fact that Schrödinger’s cat is a hypothesis proposed by Schrödinger to refute the wave-particle duality.
Is the Origin of Space-Time Quantum an Entanglement?
Space–or space-time in general relativity–may consist of small pieces of information. According to this idea, these small pieces of information interact with each other to create space-time and give it various characteristics, such as the curvature of space-time that causes gravitational effects. The assumption that space-time is "composed" of bits or something is contrary to the predictions of general relativity. The new point of view is that time and space are not fundamental, but "emerge" through the interaction of qubits. Scientists don't know what exactly these bits are made of, and what information they contain. However, it is interesting that these problems have not troubled scientists. "The important thing is the relationship between the bits rather than the bits themselves,” said Brian Swingle, a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University. "These collective relationships are the source of the universe's rich physical properties. The key here is not theirs. It is the way these units are combined.” The key to this combination may be a strange phenomenon called quantum entanglement, which is an incredible relationship that may exist between particles, two entanglements. Even if the particles are far apart, operating on one of them will affect the second particle. The structure of space-time is made up of more basic ‘space-time atoms’ through quantum entanglement.
Space-Time and Gravity
Gravity is space-time bending, or space-time bending caused gravity, or gravity caused space-time to be bent? Gravity and space-time curvature is not a causal relationship. Newton observed the phenomenon of mutual attraction between all things, and named this phenomenon gravitation, and named the force that caused this phenomenon gravitation. At this time, gravity has two meanings, one is the name of a phenomenon, and the other is a physical quantity. Einstein believed that the attraction of all things is the result of the bending of time and space, which means that the abstract concept of gravity as a physical quantity has disappeared, but "gravity" is still used as the name of the phenomenon. "Energy has caused the curvature of time and space" is the correct statement. "Energy creates gravity" is also correct.
Conclusion
As a branch of modern physics, quantum mechanics has too many secrets that we don't know. When people thoroughly study quantum mechanics, this may be the time when human beings truly enter and perceive the four-dimensional space. The future is still long, and the truth is worth exploring. So are you interested in quantum mechanics now?
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